Mac上如何使用Fortran来读写NetCDF数据文件

阅读建议：电脑端/iPad端阅读，按照文章左边栏三级标题来捋思路，安装过程输出可忽略。实际操作报错了，再按图索骥看细节！

本文简版同步发布于公众号『气象学家』传送门。从页面“Software for Manipulating or Displaying NetCDF Data”能找到几十种语言或者工具软件可以处理NetCDF（Network Common Data Form）的数据，有些软件是可以跨平台的，强烈推荐>>免费软件Panoply<<,对于NetCDF文件的可视化和简单的数据导出非常的优秀，Mac、Linux、Windows都能使用。当然，现在对于不同的处理要求和速度完全可以选择不同的工具方法处理NetCDF，Python/ncl对于NetCDF的读取和创建也已经非常得方便了。但是，目前就使用Fortran去调用NetCDF的Fortran API，处理速度上还是有很大的优势，所以，简单以MacOS为例，就Fortran处理NetCDF相关的库的安装和环境变量设置来做个简单的介绍，并用实例来加深理解，但是并不做深度解读，抛砖引玉而已。后面另开一篇文章就grib数据的处理做介绍（Python、NCL、wgrib2）。

配料：

1. NetCDF-C
2. NetCDF-Fortran 
3. szip (Installing dependencies for netcdf: szip and hdf5)
4. hdf5 (Installing dependencies for netcdf: szip and hdf5)
5. gcc
6. gfortran
7. Homebrew

安装

系统版本：macOS Mojave version 10.14.5

对于macOS完全可以很大程度的依赖Homebrew来进行很多包的安装。
因为有人已经造好了轮子，依赖关系都已经完美处理好了，对于野生气象码农简直是太有好了。
当然，让我强行一波手动安装也是不在话下，对于初学者还是建议手动安装感受一下。
而"熟练工"节省时间成本完全可以一键式骚操作！
本安装为了更省事可以说是一站式气象科学依赖库全家桶(安装cdo
/nco)都给安好了！
废话不多说，上干货。

安装Homebrew

homebrew can be downloaded and installed in one step:

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

or

If this doesn’t work do

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install > brew_install_script

ruby brew_install_script

rehash

在此，Homebrew安装结束！

编译工具安装 gcc/g++ 、 gfortran、make、cmake

首先在终端查看诸工具是否已经安装：比如gcc –version，如果没有安装或者不够新，下面是自动安装命令

gcc/g++: brew install gcc, brew install g++

gfortran: brew install gfortran

make: brew install make

cmake: brew install cmake

或者在cmake官网下载二进制安装文件(带GUI界面)，双击安装即可！

安装 cdo、netcdf、nco

$brew tap homebrew/science

$brew install cdo

$brew install netcdf

$brew install nco

nco安装时候，可能报错，需要安装[Java SE](https://github.com/frekele/oracle-java/releases). https://github.com/frekele/oracle-java/releases

安装结束！

具体的安装过程：

 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew tap homebrew/science
Error: homebrew/science was deprecated. This tap is now empty as all its formulae were migrated.
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install netcdf
==> Installing dependencies for netcdf: szip and hdf5
==> Installing netcdf dependency: szip
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/szip-2.1.1_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring szip-2.1.1_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/szip/2.1.1_1: 11 files, 109.4KB
==> Installing netcdf dependency: hdf5
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/hdf5-1.10.5_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/28/28ee1944f9b17a50bddbfbc1730d06373efaf2f188930fa1624370bb895626df?__gda__=exp=1559187781~hmac=eda4d7981775af
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring hdf5-1.10.5_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
Warning: hdf5 dependency gcc was built with a different C++ standard
library (libstdc++ from clang). This may cause problems at runtime.
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/hdf5/1.10.5_1: 256 files, 14.6MB
==> Installing netcdf
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/netcdf-4.6.3_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/d7/d798cbc16c2e6c312d921abf4cef0d74f094c9f6496114c06219baabaa962974?__gda__=exp=1559187805~hmac=17d415c33a7f32
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring netcdf-4.6.3_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
Warning: netcdf dependency gcc was built with a different C++ standard
library (libstdc++ from clang). This may cause problems at runtime.
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1: 85 files, 6.2MB
 ⚙  ~  ncdump -h
ncdump [-c|-h] [-v ...] [[-b|-f] [c|f]] [-l len] [-n name] [-p n[,n]] [-k] [-x] [-s] [-t|-i] [-g ...] [-w] [-Ln] file
  [-c]             Coordinate variable data and header information
  [-h]             Header information only, no data
  [-v var1[,...]]  Data for variable(s) <var1>,... only
  [-b [c|f]]       Brief annotations for C or Fortran indices in data
  [-f [c|f]]       Full annotations for C or Fortran indices in data
  [-l len]         Line length maximum in data section (default 80)
  [-n name]        Name for netCDF (default derived from file name)
  [-p n[,n]]       Display floating-point values with less precision
  [-k]             Output kind of netCDF file
  [-s]             Output special (virtual) attributes
  [-t]             Output time data as date-time strings
  [-i]             Output time data as date-time strings with ISO-8601 'T' separator
  [-g grp1[,...]]  Data and metadata for group(s) <grp1>,... only
  [-w]             With client-side caching of variables for DAP URLs
  [-x]             Output XML (NcML) instead of CDL
  [-Xp]            Unconditionally suppress output of the properties attribute
  [-Ln]            Set log level to n (>= 0); ignore if logging not enabled.
  file             Name of netCDF file (or URL if DAP access enabled)
netcdf library version 4.6.3 of May  8 2019 00:09:03 $
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install cdo
Updating Homebrew...
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core).
==> Updated Formulae
exploitdb

Error: No available formula with the name "cdo"
==> Searching for a previously deleted formula (in the last month)...
Warning: homebrew/core is shallow clone. To get complete history run:
  git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" fetch --unshallow

Error: No previously deleted formula found.
==> Searching for similarly named formulae...
This similarly named formula was found:
cdogs-sdl
To install it, run:
  brew install cdogs-sdl
==> Searching taps...
==> Searching taps on GitHub...
Error: No formulae found in taps.
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew tap moffat/sciencebits
==> Tapping moffat/sciencebits
Cloning into '/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/moffat/homebrew-sciencebits'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 6, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 3 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (6/6), done.
Tapped 1 formula (32 files, 28.0KB).
 ⚙  ~  brew install cdo

==> Installing cdo from moffat/sciencebits
==> Downloading https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/attachments/download/19299/cdo-1.9.6.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/cdo/1.9.6 LIBS=-lhdf5 --with-netcdf=/usr/local/opt/netcdf --with-hdf5=/usr/local/opt/hdf5 --with-szlib=/usr/local/o
==> make install
Warning: moffat/sciencebits/cdo dependency gcc was built with a different C++ standard
library (libstdc++ from clang). This may cause problems at runtime.
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/cdo/1.9.6: 8 files, 4.8MB, built in 6 minutes 12 seconds
 ⚙  ~  cdo

No operator given!

usage : cdo  [Options]  Operator1  [-Operator2  [-OperatorN]]

  Options:
    -a             Generate an absolute time axis
    -b <nbits>     Set the number of bits for the output precision
                   (I8/I16/I32/F32/F64 for nc1/nc2/nc4/nc4c/nc5; F32/F64 for grb2/srv/ext/ieg; P1 - P24 for grb1/grb2)
                   Add L or B to set the byteorder to Little or Big endian
    --cmor         CMOR conform NetCDF output
    -C, --color    Colorized output messages
    --eccodes      Use ecCodes to decode/encode GRIB1 messages
    --enableexcept <except>
                   Set individual floating-point traps (DIVBYZERO, INEXACT, INVALID, OVERFLOW, UNDERFLOW, ALL_EXCEPT)
    -f, --format <format>
                   Format of the output file. (grb1/grb2/nc1/nc2/nc4/nc4c/nc5/srv/ext/ieg)
    -g <grid>      Set default grid name or file. Available grids:
                   n<N>, t<RES>, tl<RES>, global_<DXY>, r<NX>x<NY>, g<NX>x<NY>, gme<NI>, lon=<LON>/lat=<LAT>
    -h, --help     Help information for the operators
    --history      Do not append to NetCDF "history" global attribute
    --netcdf_hdr_pad, --hdr_pad, --header_pad <nbr>
                   Pad NetCDF output header with nbr bytes
    -k <chunktype> NetCDF4 chunk type: auto, grid or lines
    -L             Lock IO (sequential access)
    -M             Switch to indicate that the I/O streams have missing values
    -m <missval>   Set the missing value of non NetCDF files (default: -9e+33)
    --no_warnings  Inhibit warning messages
    -O             Overwrite existing output file, if checked
    --operators    List of all operators
    --percentile <method>
                   Percentile method: nrank, nist, numpy, numpy_lower, numpy_higher, numpy_nearest
    --precision <float_digits[,double_digits]>
                   Precision to use in displaying floating-point data (default: 7,15)
    --reduce_dim   Reduce NetCDF dimensions
    -R, --regular  Convert GRIB1 data from global reduced to regular Gaussian grid (cgribex only)
    -r             Generate a relative time axis
    -S             Create an extra output stream for the module TIMSTAT. This stream
                   contains the number of non missing values for each output period.
    -s, --silent   Silent mode
    --sortname     Alphanumeric sorting of NetCDF parameter names
    -t <codetab>   Set GRIB1 default parameter code table name or file (cgribex only)
                   Predefined tables:  echam4 echam5 echam6 mpiom1 ecmwf remo cosmo002 cosmo201 cosmo202 cosmo203 cosmo205 cosmo250
    --timestat_date <srcdate>
                   Target timestamp (temporal statistics): first, middle, midhigh or last source timestep.
    -V, --version  Print the version number
    -v, --verbose  Print extra details for some operators
    -W             Print extra warning messages
    -z szip        SZIP compression of GRIB1 records
       aec         AEC compression of GRIB2 records
       jpeg        JPEG compression of GRIB2 records
        zip[_1-9]  Deflate compression of NetCDF4 variables

  Operators:
    Use option --operators for a list of all operators.

  CDO version 1.9.6, Copyright (C) 2003-2019 Uwe Schulzweida
  This is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
  Report bugs to <http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdo>
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install nco
antlr@2: Java is required to install this formula.
Install AdoptOpenJDK with Homebrew Cask:
  brew cask install adoptopenjdk
Error: An unsatisfied requirement failed this build.
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-science/master/nco.rb


curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found
Error: Failure while executing; `/usr/bin/curl -q --show-error --user-agent Homebrew/2.1.4\ \(Macintosh\;\ Intel\ Mac\ OS\ X\ 10.14.5\)\ curl/7.54.0 --fail --progress-bar --location --remote-time --continue-at 0 --output /Users/zhpfu/Library/Caches/Homebrew/Formula/nco.rb https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-science/master/nco.rb` exited with 22. Here's the output:

curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found

 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install homebrew/science/nco
Error: homebrew/science was deprecated. This tap is now empty as all its formulae were migrated.
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install nco
antlr@2: Java is required to install this formula.
Install AdoptOpenJDK with Homebrew Cask:
  brew cask install adoptopenjdk
Error: An unsatisfied requirement failed this build.
 ✘ ⚙  ~  brew install nco
==> Installing dependencies for nco: antlr@2, gsl, texinfo and udunits
==> Installing nco dependency: antlr@2
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/antlr@2-2.7.7_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/9b/9be9c82eba1b6b803c75114ed55947692693785566c59dca392b8bbae6b8aa19?__gda__=exp=1559191542~hmac=cc1f31c4e51967
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring antlr@2-2.7.7_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
antlr@2 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

If you need to have antlr@2 first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find antlr@2 you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/include"

==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/antlr@2/2.7.7_1: 60 files, 1012.4KB
==> Installing nco dependency: gsl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gsl-2.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/2b/2b76f0bb640a36340efb3bc44a9df6e8b1694cc251637f95eca02c541add53ff?__gda__=exp=1559191556~hmac=54a7b3a02d4374
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring gsl-2.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/gsl/2.5: 271 files, 9.1MB
==> Installing nco dependency: texinfo
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/texinfo-6.6.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/2e/2ea78114fc2f1bedb52a8cc4148c7ab48cbfe15bb2347783fb7f84998247ccc3?__gda__=exp=1559191575~hmac=f389f644770463
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring texinfo-6.6.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
texinfo is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because software that uses TeX, such as lilypond and octave, require a newer
version of these files.

If you need to have texinfo first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/texinfo/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/texinfo/6.6: 404 files, 7.3MB
==> Installing nco dependency: udunits
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/udunits-2.2.26.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring udunits-2.2.26.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/udunits/2.2.26: 29 files, 538.7KB
==> Installing nco
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/nco-4.8.0.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/8a/8a031331ccf4203570d7e87acc7da5434820dd872ce7c6690d02094b20cfa67f?__gda__=exp=1559191601~hmac=f3196d0b38d11d
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring nco-4.8.0.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
Warning: nco dependency gcc was built with a different C++ standard
library (libstdc++ from clang). This may cause problems at runtime.
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/nco/4.8.0: 52 files, 10.9MB
==> Caveats
==> antlr@2
antlr@2 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

If you need to have antlr@2 first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find antlr@2 you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/include"

==> texinfo
texinfo is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because software that uses TeX, such as lilypond and octave, require a newer
version of these files.

If you need to have texinfo first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/texinfo/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

 ⚙  ~  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/texinfo/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
 ⚙  ~  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/antlr@2/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

环境变量的设置

不难发现，ncdump的命令是有效的，可以用于NetCDF文件的信息查看。
而其安装的位置其实是软连接过来的。

~/Dropbox/Code_Fortress/02.My_Fortran_Library  which ncdump
/usr/local/bin/ncdump
 ~/Dropbox/Code_Fortress/02.My_Fortran_Library  ll /usr/local/bin/ncdump
lrwxr-xr-x 1 zhpfu admin 35 May 30 11:31 /usr/local/bin/ncdump -> ../Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/ncdump
 ~/Dropbox/Code_Fortress/02.My_Fortran_Library  ls /usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/nc*
/usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/nc-config  /usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/ncdump  /usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/ncgen3
/usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/nccopy     /usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/bin/ncgen

这对后续的调用netcdf的库，指定路径是很有帮助的。

NetCDF Programs实例

实例地址

选取f、f90结尾的文件即可！！！

Below we provide links to some sample netCDF programs.

Write a two-dimensional array of sample data that looks like simple_xy.cdl:
C: simple_xy_wr.c
Fortran 77: simple_xy_wr.f
Fortran 90: simple_xy_wr.f90
C++ (legacy): simple_xy_wr.cpp
C++ (netCDF-4): SimpleXyWr.cpp
Java: Simple_xy_wr.java
Contributed: Python: simple_xy_wr.py, MATLAB: simple_xy_wr.m, Perl: simple_xy_wr.pl, IDL: simple_xy_wr.pro
Command-line: ncgen -b simple_xy.cdl
Read data from the simple file written above:
C: simple_xy_rd.c
Fortran 77: simple_xy_rd.f
Fortran 90: simple_xy_rd.f90
C++ (legacy): simple_xy_rd.cpp
C++ (netCDF-4): SimpleXyRd.cpp
Java: Simple_xy_rd.java
Contributed: Python: simple_xy_rd.py, MATLAB: simple_xy_rd.m, Perl: simple_xy_rd.pl, IDL: simple_xy_rd.pro
Command-line: ncdump simple_xy.nc
Write some variables with units attributes and coordinate dimensions that will look like sfc_pres_temp.cdl:
C: sfc_pres_temp_wr.c
Fortran 77: sfc_pres_temp_wr.f
Fortran 90: sfc_pres_temp_wr.f90
C++ (legacy): sfc_pres_temp_wr.cpp
C++ (netCDF-4): SfcPresTempWr.cpp
Java: Sfc_pres_temp_wr.java
Contributed: Python: sfc_pres_temp_wr.py, MATLAB: sfc_pres_temp_wr.m, Perl: sfc_pres_temp_wr.pl, IDL: sfc_pres_temp_wr.pro
Command-line: ncgen -b sfc_pres_temp.cdl
Read data variables and attributes from the file written above:
C: sfc_pres_temp_rd.c
Fortran 77: sfc_pres_temp_rd.f
Fortran 90: sfc_pres_temp_rd.f90
C++ (legacy): sfc_pres_temp_rd.cpp
C++ (netCDF-4): SfcPresTempRd.cpp
Java: Sfc_pres_temp_rd.java
Contributed: Python: sfc_pres_temp_rd.py, MATLAB: sfc_pres_temp_rd.m, Perl: sfc_pres_temp_rd.pl, IDL: sfc_pres_temp_rd.pro
Command-line: ncdump sfc_pres_temp.nc
Write some four-dimensional variables using a record dimension in a file that will look like pres_temp_4D.cdl:
C: pres_temp_4D_wr.c
Fortran 77: pres_temp_4D_wr.f
Fortran 90: pres_temp_4D_wr.f90
C++ (legacy): pres_temp_4D_wr.cpp
C++ (netCDF-4): PresTemp4dWr.cpp
Java: Pres_temp_4D_wr.java
Contributed: Python: pres_temp_4D_wr.py, MATLAB: pres_temp_4D_wr.m, Perl: pres_temp_4D_wr.pl, IDL: pres_temp_4D_wr.pro
Command-line: ncgen -b pres_temp_4D.cdl
Read from the variables in the file written above:
C: pres_temp_4D_rd.c
Fortran 77: pres_temp_4D_rd.f
Fortran 90: pres_temp_4D_rd.f90
C++ (legacy): pres_temp_4D_rd.cpp
C++ (netCDF-4): PresTemp4dRd.cpp
Java: Pres_temp_4D_rd.java
Contributed: Python: pres_temp_4D_rd.py, MATLAB: pres_temp_4D_rd.m, Perl: pres_temp_4D_rd.pl, IDL: pres_temp_4D_rd.pro
Command-line: ncdump pres_temp_4D.nc
Test MATLAB native support for netCDF-4: nc4test.m
Copy any netCDF classic or 64-bit offset file, using only the netCDF-3 API:
C: nccopy3.c
Copy any netCDF file, using the netCDF-4 API:
C: nccopy4.c
Write profile data according to CF Conventions version 1.6, Appendix H:
Fortran 90: example_h3_cf1_6.f90

gfortran读写NetCDF测试

最最最重要的一点就是使用gfortran的时候，一定要指定具体依赖库的路径

在使用gfortran时候，命令如下：

> gfortran test.f90 -L/usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/lib -I/usr/local/Cellar/netcdf/4.6.3_1/include -lnetcdff -o testf

在使用intel fortran时候，命令形式如下：

> ifort -I/home/xxx/local/include read_netcdf.f90 -o a.exe -L/home/xxx/local/lib -lnetcdf

Linux中操作方法类似！

至于，用shell脚本或者Makefile来简化手动输入参数之苦，这也是更加实用的技能，再次不做介绍，感兴趣的可以自行Google百度/Bing！

Homebrew一键式安装netcdf的原理揭示

基于Ruby语言！！！[参考链接](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/netcdf.rb)

class Netcdf < Formula
  desc "Libraries and data formats for array-oriented scientific data"
  homepage "https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf"
  url "https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/ftp/netcdf-c-4.6.3.tar.gz"
  sha256 "335fdf16d7531f430ad75e732ed1a9a3fc83ad3ef91fb33a70119a555dd5415c"
  revision 1

  bottle do
    sha256 "d798cbc16c2e6c312d921abf4cef0d74f094c9f6496114c06219baabaa962974" => :mojave
    sha256 "0307831230fe41037beb09e9434d587497dc246ad4c0eb083e603efa4d5fbbec" => :high_sierra
    sha256 "272ebe803e2c331d4839387d644261281315486413d581e460c1fef91455df6b" => :sierra
  end

  depends_on "cmake" => :build
  depends_on "gcc" # for gfortran
  depends_on "hdf5"

  resource "cxx" do
    url "https://github.com/Unidata/netcdf-cxx4/archive/v4.3.0.tar.gz"
    sha256 "25da1c97d7a01bc4cee34121c32909872edd38404589c0427fefa1301743f18f"
  end

  resource "cxx-compat" do
    url "https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/ftp/netcdf-cxx-4.2.tar.gz"
    mirror "https://www.gfd-dennou.org/arch/netcdf/unidata-mirror/netcdf-cxx-4.2.tar.gz"
    sha256 "95ed6ab49a0ee001255eac4e44aacb5ca4ea96ba850c08337a3e4c9a0872ccd1"
  end

  resource "fortran" do
    url "https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/ftp/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4.tar.gz"
    mirror "https://www.gfd-dennou.org/arch/netcdf/unidata-mirror/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4.tar.gz"
    sha256 "b2d395175f8d283e68c8be516e231a96b191ade67ad0caafaf7fa01b1e6b5d75"
  end

  def install
    ENV.deparallelize

    common_args = std_cmake_args << "-DBUILD_TESTING=OFF"

    mkdir "build" do
      args = common_args.dup
      args << "-DENABLE_TESTS=OFF"
      args << "-DNC_EXTRA_DEPS=-lmpi" if Tab.for_name("hdf5").with? "mpi"
      args << "-DENABLE_DAP_AUTH_TESTS=OFF" << "-DENABLE_NETCDF_4=ON" << "-DENABLE_DOXYGEN=OFF"

      system "cmake", "..", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON", *args
      system "make", "install"
      system "make", "clean"
      system "cmake", "..", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF", *args
      system "make"
      lib.install "liblib/libnetcdf.a"
    end

    # Add newly created installation to paths so that binding libraries can
    # find the core libs.
    args = common_args.dup << "-DNETCDF_C_LIBRARY=#{lib}"

    cxx_args = args.dup
    cxx_args << "-DNCXX_ENABLE_TESTS=OFF"
    resource("cxx").stage do
      mkdir "build-cxx" do
        system "cmake", "..", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON", *cxx_args
        system "make", "install"
        system "make", "clean"
        system "cmake", "..", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF", *cxx_args
        system "make"
        lib.install "cxx4/libnetcdf-cxx4.a"
      end
    end

    fortran_args = args.dup
    fortran_args << "-DENABLE_TESTS=OFF"
    resource("fortran").stage do
      mkdir "build-fortran" do
        system "cmake", "..", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON", *fortran_args
        system "make", "install"
        system "make", "clean"
        system "cmake", "..", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF", *fortran_args
        system "make"
        lib.install "fortran/libnetcdff.a"
      end
    end

    ENV.prepend "CPPFLAGS", "-I#{include}"
    ENV.prepend "LDFLAGS", "-L#{lib}"
    resource("cxx-compat").stage do
      system "./configure", "--disable-dependency-tracking",
                            "--enable-shared",
                            "--enable-static",
                            "--prefix=#{prefix}"
      system "make"
      system "make", "install"
    end

    # SIP causes system Python not to play nicely with @rpath
    libnetcdf = (lib/"libnetcdf.dylib").readlink
    %w[libnetcdf-cxx4.dylib libnetcdf_c++.dylib].each do |f|
      macho = MachO.open("#{lib}/#{f}")
      macho.change_dylib("@rpath/#{libnetcdf}",
                         "#{lib}/#{libnetcdf}")
      macho.write!
    end
  end

  test do
    (testpath/"test.c").write <<~EOS
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include "netcdf_meta.h"
      int main()
      {
        printf(NC_VERSION);
        return 0;
      }
    EOS
    system ENV.cc, "test.c", "-L#{lib}", "-I#{include}", "-lnetcdf",
                   "-o", "test"
    assert_equal `./test`, version.to_s

    (testpath/"test.f90").write <<~EOS
      program test
        use netcdf
        integer :: ncid, varid, dimids(2)
        integer :: dat(2,2) = reshape([1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 2])
        call check( nf90_create("test.nc", NF90_CLOBBER, ncid) )
        call check( nf90_def_dim(ncid, "x", 2, dimids(2)) )
        call check( nf90_def_dim(ncid, "y", 2, dimids(1)) )
        call check( nf90_def_var(ncid, "data", NF90_INT, dimids, varid) )
        call check( nf90_enddef(ncid) )
        call check( nf90_put_var(ncid, varid, dat) )
        call check( nf90_close(ncid) )
      contains
        subroutine check(status)
          integer, intent(in) :: status
          if (status /= nf90_noerr) call abort
        end subroutine check
      end program test
    EOS
    system "gfortran", "test.f90", "-L#{lib}", "-I#{include}", "-lnetcdff",
                       "-o", "testf"
    system "./testf"
  end
end

手动安装netcdf参考方法：

参考链接：install-netcdf-fortran/install_netcdf.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# install_netcdf.sh
# Copyright (C) 2018 Daniel Santiago <dpelaez@cicese.edu.mx>
#
# Distributed under terms of the GNU/GPL license.
#
set -e


# ============================================================================
#  Installation of NetCDF4 Fortran libraries
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  
#  Purpose:
#    This script get the given versions of the NetCD4 libreries and its
#    dependencies and install them in the MAINDIR=/usr/local/netcdf/ directory
# 
#  Usage:
#    [sudo] CC=gcc FC=gfortran MAINDIR=/usr/local/netcdf ./install_netcdf.sh
# 
#  Autor:
#    Daniel Santiago
#    github/dspelaez
#
# ============================================================================

## define compilers
CC=${CC:-gcc}
FC=${FC:-gfortran}
F90=${FC}
F77=${FC}

# main directory
MAINDIR=${MAINDIR:-/usr/local/netcdf}

# version of libs
CLTAG="7.61.0"
ZLTAG="1.2.10"
H5TAG="1.10.1"
NCTAG="4.6.1"
NFTAG="4.4.4"

## donwload source code of depencies
wget -nc -nv https://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-$CLTAG.tar.gz
wget -nc -nv https://zlib.net/fossils/zlib-$ZLTAG.tar.gz
wget -nc -nv https://support.hdfgroup.org/ftp/HDF5/releases/hdf5-1.10/hdf5-$H5TAG/src/hdf5-$H5TAG.tar 
wget -nc -nv ftp://ftp.unidata.ucar.edu/pub/netcdf/netcdf-$NCTAG.tar.gz
wget -nc -nv ftp://ftp.unidata.ucar.edu/pub/netcdf/netcdf-fortran-$NFTAG.tar.gz

## create config.log
touch config.log

## curl
tar -xf curl-$CLTAG.tar.gz
cd curl-$CLTAG/
CLDIR=$MAINDIR
echo " --->> Compiling curl-$CLTAG"
./configure --prefix=${CLDIR} > config.log 2>&1
make -j4 > config.log 2>&1
make install > config.log 2>&1
cd ..
rm -rf curl-$CLTAG


## zlib 
tar -xf zlib-$ZLTAG.tar.gz
cd zlib-$ZLTAG/
ZDIR=$MAINDIR
echo " --->> Compiling zlib-$ZLTAG"
./configure --prefix=${ZDIR} > config.log 2>&1
make -j4 > config.log 2>&1
make install > config.log 2>&1
cd ..
rm -rf zlib-$ZLTAG

## hdf5
tar -xf hdf5-$H5TAG.tar
cd hdf5-$H5TAG/
H5DIR=$MAINDIR
echo " --->> Compiling hdf5-$H5TAG"
./configure --with-zlib=${ZDIR} --prefix=${H5DIR} > config.log 2>&1
make -j4 > config.log 2>&1
make install > config.log 2>&1
cd ..
rm -rf hdf5-$H5TAG

## netcdf4-c
tar -xf netcdf-$NCTAG.tar.gz
cd netcdf-$NCTAG/
NCDIR=$MAINDIR
echo " --->> Compiling netcdf-$NCTAG"
CPPFLAGS=-I${H5DIR}/include LDFLAGS=-L${H5DIR}/lib ./configure --prefix=${NCDIR} > config.log 2>&1
make -j4 > config.log 2>&1
make install > config.log 2>&1
cd ..
rm -rf netcdf-$NCTAG

## netcdf4-fortran
tar -xf netcdf-fortran-$NFTAG.tar.gz
cd netcdf-fortran-$NFTAG/
echo " --->> Compiling netcdf-fortran-$NFTAG"
CPPFLAGS=-I${NCDIR}/include LDFLAGS=-L${NCDIR}/lib ./configure --prefix=${NCDIR} > config.log 2>&1
make -j4 > config.log 2>&1
make install > config.log 2>&1
cd ..
rm -rf netcdf-fortran-$NFTAG

## show compilation options
$NCDIR/bin/nf-config --all

echo ""
echo ===============================================================================
echo "Finally, you must add this to the .profile (or .bashrc or .zshrc) file"
echo "  Linux --\>" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NCDIR/lib:'$LD_LIBRARY_PATH'
echo "  OSX   --\>" export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NCDIR/lib:'$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH'
echo ===============================================================================
echo ""

参考：

链接.1
链接.2
链接.3
链接.4
链接.5
链接.6
链接.7
链接.8
链接.9
链接.10
链接.11

有任何问题都欢迎交流探讨，共同学习进步！